The optimum thermal design of a shell and tube heat exchanger involves the consideration of many interacting design parameters which can be summarized as follows. Pdf design of shell and tube heat exchanger single phase. Shinde and chavan concluded that baffle spacing, and pitch type can play a vital role in enhancing heat transfer into exchangers 4. Most shell and tube heat exchangers have multiple passes to enhance the heat transfer. As its name implies, this type of heat exchanger consists of a shell a large vessel with a bundle of tubes inside it. The design of plate heat exchangers gives much higher turbulence, and thereby thermal effeciency, than a shell andtube exchanger. In 1947, the experimental program started with measurements of heat transfer and pressure drop during flow across ideal tube banks and hence the various design features characteristic of shellandtube heat exchangers were introduced in commercial use. Alfa laval heat exchangers 3 thin material for the heat transfer.
It is the most common type of heat exchanger in oil refineries and other large chemical processes. Components and design of a shell and tube heat exchanger. Process fluid assignments to shell side or tube side. The shell is what you would first notice when you come across a shell and tube cooler. Case study exercise on thermal design of the exchanger day 2. Shell and tube heat exchanger a shell and tube heat exchanger is a class of heat exchanger. The thermal design of a shell and tube exchanger is an iterative process which is normally carried out using computer programs from organizations such as the heat transfer and fluid flow service htfs or heat transfer research incorporated htri. While various design subtleties exist for specialization in application, shell and tube heat exchangers contain a few consistent features. Due to the high heat transfer efficiency of the plates, plate type heat exchangers are usually very small when compared to a tube and shell type heat exchanger with the same heat transfer capacity. Select a suitable type of shell and tube exchanger. Design of shell and tube exchangers is commonly governed by the standards created by tema tubular exchangers manufacturers association. The design methods of the parts that could be included in a shell and tube heat exchanger will be described in the following chapters of this document. Petrosync shell and tube heat exchanger mechanical design.
As shown in figure 47, the shell and tube heat exchanger consists of the shell, which is a large vessel with one or more inlet and one or more outlet nozzles. Heat transfer theory tells us that the log mean temperature difference is the average temperature difference to use in heat exchanger design equation calculations. The most basic and the most common type of heat exchanger construction is the tube and shell, as shown in figure 1. Pdf on feb 8, 2020, phelelani eshmael mamba and others published heat exchanger design report design of a shell and tube heat exchanger, 1 shell 1 tube pass with fixed tube head and counter. As mentioned, the most important of these are the higher heat transfer coefficient 3 5 times higher and the ability to work with crossing temperatures hot fluid outlet temperature lower than cold fluid outlet temperature. Shell and tube heat exchanger design free download for. Fluid engine oil sea water inlet temperature, c 65 20 outlet temperature, c 55 25 heat load, kw 117. The design of shell and tube heat exchanger using kern method for water and steam combination is validated by wellknown dittusboelter equation of turbulent flow inside tube. The modelling focused on two con gurations speci cally. Define design parameters such as number of tube passes, tube size, shell id etc.
The analysis is extended using the above kern method with different fluid combinations such as carbondioxide on the tube side steam on. Heat exchanger theory and the heat exchanger design. However, not every element described herein will be involved in the design of every shell and tube heat exchanger. Performance analysis of shell and tube heat exchanger. Compared with heat exchanger with single tube sheet, some mention problems of the heat exchangers with double tube sheets were discussed by analyzing application, structure, design and manufacturing. Specifying shell and tube heat exchangers understand what heat exchanger design specialists need to know and remember, you know your process best asif raza shell and tube heat exchangers are one of the most important and commonly used process equipment items in the chemical process industries cpi.
The optimum thermal design of a shell and tube heat exchanger involves the. A general theory is presented to predict the rate of coating in a fluidised bed of polymer powders. An unbaffled shellandtube heat exchanger design with respect to heat. Introduction saving material and energy are common objectives for optimization.
The locations of the nozzles and the orientation of the. The simplest heat exchanger is one for which the hot and cold fluids move in the same or opposite directions in a concentric tube or doublepipe construction. All trademarks, registered trademarks, product names and company names or logos mentioned herein are the property of their respective owners. Methods to design shell and tube heat exchanger the goal of heat exchanger design is to relate the inlet and outlet temperatures, the overall heat transfer coefficient, and the geometry of the heat exchanger, to the rate of heat transfer. The optimum thermal design of a shell and tube heat exchanger involves the consideration of many interacting design parameters which can be summarised as follows. Pdf design of shell and tube heat exchanger single. A practical guide for planning, selecting and designing of shell and tube exchangers takes users on a stepbystep guide to the design of heat exchangers in daily practice, showing how to determine the effective driving temperature difference for heat transfer.
The most common problems in heat exchanger design are rating and sizing. It is the most common type of heat exchanger in oil refineries and other large chemical processes, and is suited for higherpressure applications. Convective heat transfer from the outer tube wall to the outside fluid. This is due to the larger area the plates provide over tubes. The classic example of a heat exchanger is found in an internal combustion engine in which a circulating fluid known as engine coolant flows through radiator coils and air flows past the coils, which cools the coolant and heats the incoming air. Baffles clearance and spacing tube layouts and number of tubes in specified shell diameter tema standard references. Unlike other tools, ensures that the calculations are performed step by step to help in understanding the design calculations. As its name implies, this type of heat exchanger consists of a shell a large pressure vessel with a bundle of tubes inside it. Shell and tube heat exchanger design software for thermal. The results from the study indicated that the ica algorithm can be successfully applied for optimal design of shell and tube.
The heat transfer inside of process fluids is done by the convection mechanism, and in metallic surface, it is done by the conduction mechanism. Heat exchangers jordan university of science and technology. This site is not directly affiliated with webbusterz engineering software. Understanding shell and tube heat exchangers flodraulic. In comparison to shell and tube heat exchangers, the all welded shell and plate heat exchanger offers several benefits. Abd and naji studied design of shell and tube heat exchanger in details and tested the effect of shell diameter on overall heat transfer coefficient by using different bundle diameters. A typical process industry shell and tube exchanger has a surface area density of less than 100 m2m 3 on one fluid side. Home list of chemical engineering project topics and materials pdf construction of a model shell and tube heat exchanger.
Design a double pipe heat exchanger with bare inner multitubes that can be used to cool engine oil with cold sea water. Therein, popular analytical techniques such as log mean temperature difference lmtd and effectivenessnumber of transfer units. Heat exchangers are typically classified according to flow arrangement and type of construction. The rating problem is concerned with the determination of the heat transfer rate, fluid outlet temperature, inlet temperature, heat transfer area and the sizing problem involves determination of the dimension of the heat exchanger. In this study, a novel and innovative baffle design was offered in order to considerably reduce shell side pressure loss without compromising thermal. Inside the shell, baffles are typically installed which help in holding the tubes and directing the shell fluid flow to some extent. A shell and tube heat exchanger is a class of heat exchanger designs.
The approximate dimensions as well as positions of inlets and outlets are shown in fig. Compared to shellandtube exchangers, compact heat exchangers are characterized by a. Shell and tube heat exchanger design is an iterative process, which goes through the following steps. One of the important issues that should be defined during the design work, taking in consideration the cost of. However, new improvements in gasket design and overall heat exchanger design have allowed some large scale applications of the plate type heat exchanger. Shell and tube heat exchanger shell and tube heat exchangers consist of series of tubes. A novel heat exchanger design method using a delayed. Heat transfer theory the natural laws of physics always. Setting shell side and tube side pressure drop design limits. Sencan et al 3 discussed a new shell and tube heat. The natural laws of physics always allow the driving energy in a system to flow until equilibrium is reached. They used belldelaware correlations 8 to properly calculate heat transfer. Shell and tube heat exchanger design is a product developed by webbusterz engineering software.
Types of heat exchangers shell and tube, plate type. In this master thesis modelica models for shell and tube heat exchangers was developed. The two most common heat exchanger design problems are those of rating and sizing. The metallic surface in a shell and tube and an aircooled heat exchanger is a tube wall, and in the plate heat exchanger, it is a thin wall plate, in which each process fluid is on a different side. Fin tube heat exchanger optimization piotr wais cracow university of technology, depa rtment of thermal power engineering poland 1. Heat transfer optimization of shellandtube heat exchanger. Usually, there is lots of literature and theories to design a heat exchanger according to the requirements.
Tech thesis on shell and tube heat exchanger design. The shell and tube heat exchanger another part of this experiment involves measurements using a commercially available shell and tube heat exchanger. Unit operations lab heat exchanger 11 heat exchanger heat exchange is an important unit operation that contributes to efficiency and safety of many processes. The basic heat exchanger design equation can be used for a variety of types of heat exchangers, like double pipe heat exchangers or shell and tube heat exchangers. Here is an example of a 12 1 shell pass and 2 tube passes heat exchanger. All these heat exchangers can be operated in both parallel and. E1mnl032a design and rating of shell and tube heat. Heat transfer coefficient and design margin the total overall heat transfer coefficient k is defined as. Design optimization of a shellandtube heat exchanger. The basic layout for a countercurrent shell and tube heat exchanger together with the associated heat curve for a condensing process generated from chemcad are shown. This is the outer portion that holds the process fluid. As older facilities are upgraded or newly designed facilities are built, large plate type heat exchangers are replacing tube and shell heat exchangers and becoming more common.
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